Journal: Cell Death & Disease
Article Title: Mitochondrial DNA release via VDAC1 in keratinocytes: a key driver of innate immunity and vitiligo pathogenesis
doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08585-5
Figure Lengend Snippet: A–C Time-course analysis (1, 3, 6 h) of 1 μg/mL mtDNA transfection-induced effects in HaCaT cells. A Western blot analysis of cGAS, STING, p-NF-κB, IFN-γ, CXCL9, and CXCL10. B Transcript levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-1β by RT-qPCR. C Western blot analysis of NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N protein expression. D–I HaCaT cells transfected with 1 μg/mL mtDNA ±10 μM RU.521 (cGAS inhibitor, 1 h pretreatment). D Representative image of PI/Calcein AM staining. Scale bars, 100 μm. E Quantification of PI-positive cells in three randomly chosen fields (one field per well). F LDH release in culture supernatants. G Secretion level of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in culture supernatants by ELISA. H Transcript levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-1β by RT-qPCR. I CXCL10 expression by immunofluorescence. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). Asterisks * indicate a significant difference exists between indicated groups, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. VEH vehicle, GSDMD-N gasdermin D N-terminal fragment, PI propidium iodide, LDH lactate dehydrogenase.
Article Snippet: The levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in human samples were quantified using the corresponding ELISA kits (CXCL9: Elabscience, Hubei, China, E-EL-H6062; CXCL10: Elabscience, E-EL-H0050), following the manufacturer’s protocols.
Techniques: Transfection, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence